NEET 2026
NATIONAL ELIGIBILITY CUM ENTRANCE TEST
The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET 2026) is the most prestigious and competitive entrance exam in India for students aspiring to pursue careers in medicine, dentistry, and allied health sciences. Conducted annually by the National Testing Agency (NTA), NEET 2026 is the sole entrance exam for undergraduate medical programs such as MBBS, BDS, BAMS, BHMS, BUMS, BSMS, and BVSc & AH. We have curated a comprehensive collection of free NEET 2026 study resources for Physics, Chemistry, and Biology, making high-quality study material accessible to every student which support self-study and help every aspirant perform to their fullest potential.
With more than 20 lakh students appearing each year, securing a top rank in NEET UG requires more than just hard work — it demands the right study materials, focused practice, conceptual clarity, and strategic revision. At Physics Terminal, we aim to support every NEET aspirant by offering completely free, top-quality study materials, curated and organized with precision and care.
📚 Subjects Covered in NEET 2026
The NEET UG syllabus is derived from NCERT Class 11 and 12 for Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Understanding the scope and structure of each subject is essential for effective preparation.
🔬 Physics
Physics often presents the most conceptual and problem-solving challenges. It tests your understanding of laws, formulas, and real-world applications.
Class 11 Topics: Kinematics, Laws of Motion, Work-Energy, Rotational Motion, Thermodynamics, Gravitation, Waves, etc.
Class 12 Topics: Electrostatics, Current Electricity, Magnetism, Electromagnetic Induction, Optics, Modern Physics, and Semiconductors.
Physics in NEET UG is as much about accuracy as it is about speed. A strong foundation and rigorous practice are key.
⚗️ Chemistry
Chemistry offers a mix of theoretical and numerical questions and is divided into three parts:
Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics, Mole Concept, Chemical Kinetics, Electrochemistry, etc.
Inorganic Chemistry: Periodic Table, Coordination Compounds, p/d/f-Block Elements, etc.
Organic Chemistry: Reaction Mechanisms, Hydrocarbons, Biomolecules, and Polymers.
Scoring well in Chemistry requires a balance between conceptual understanding and memory-based learning.
🧬 Biology (Botany + Zoology)
Biology forms 50% of the NEET UG question paper, making it the most important subject in terms of weightage.
Class 11 Topics: Diversity of Living Organisms, Cell Structure, Plant Physiology, Structural Organization in Animals, Human Physiology, etc.
Class 12 Topics: Reproduction, Genetics, Evolution, Biotechnology, Ecology, Human Health and Disease.
Mastering Biology involves a deep focus on NCERT-based facts, diagrams, and terminology.
Free Downloadable Study Materials for NEET 2026
✅ NEET UG Syllabus
Official, up-to-date syllabus based on NTA guidelines
Downloadable PDFs categorized by subject and chapter
Highlights of newly added or removed topics
Download Latest NEET UG Syllabus HERE
✅ Previous Year Question Papers (PYQs) of NEET
Download NEET UG papers from previous years (PDF format)
Includes official answer keys for self-assessment
Helps analyze topic-wise weightage and difficulty trends
Download NEET Previous Year Question Papers in pdf
✅ Chapter-wise Solutions for NEET Previous Year Questions
All NEET PYQs organized by chapter and subject
Step-by-step solutions with explanations and shortcut methods
Ideal for targeted revision after studying each chapter
Download Chapter-wise Solutions for NEET PYQs
✅ Chapter-wise MCQ Question Bank for NEET
Thousands of MCQs across all three subjects
Difficulty levels ranging from basic to advanced
Includes hints and explanations for each answer
Download MCQ Question Bank for NEET 2026
✅ Mind Maps for Quick Revision
Visual summaries of important concepts and connections
Separate mind-maps for Biology, Chemistry, and Physics chapters
Useful for fast-track revision before exams
Download Mind Maps for NEET 2026
✅ Chapter-wise Theory Concepts and Notes for NEET
Concise, high-quality chapter-wise theory notes
Concept explanations, definitions, formulas, and diagrams
Based on NCERT with additional insights for NEET preparation
Includes key highlights, high-yield facts, and tips for quick learning
Download Chapter-wise Notes for NEET 2026
✅ Revision Notes
Concise and well-organized notes for quick revision.
Covers all key formulas, definitions, and concepts.
Useful for last-minute preparation and memory reinforcement.
Download CBSE Chapter-wise Revision Notes for Class 12
🩺 NEET 2026 Exam Pattern Overview
| 📝 Parameter | 📘 Details |
|---|---|
| Exam Name | National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) |
| Conducting Body | National Testing Agency (NTA) |
| Mode of Examination | Pen-Paper Mode |
| Duration of Exam | 3 hours ⏱ (Updated) |
| Total Questions | 180 Questions (Previously 200) |
| Total Marks | 720 Marks |
| Question Type | Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) |
| Marking Scheme | ✅ +4 for each correct answer ❌ -1 for each incorrect answer |
| Languages Available | 13 Languages: English, Hindi, Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Oriya, Malayalam, Kannada, Punjabi, Urdu |
🩺 NEET Exam Pattern 2026 – Complete Overview
⏳ NEET Exam Duration 2026
The NEET 2026 exam is expected to follow the same duration pattern as NEET 2025, which was set at 3 hours (180 minutes). This change from previous years means candidates have a fixed time frame to answer all questions. There will be no extra sections or optional questions, making every question compulsory. Unless the National Testing Agency (NTA) announces any updates, the exam duration for NEET 2026 will remain 3 hours.
📋 NEET 2026 Number of Questions
The NEET 2026 question paper will consist of a total of 180 questions. These questions are divided among the three core subjects as follows:
Physics: 45 questions
Chemistry: 45 questions
Biology: 90 questions (covering both Botany and Zoology)
All 180 questions are mandatory, with no optional questions or sections. This means aspirants must prepare thoroughly across all chapters and topics to ensure comprehensive coverage of the syllabus.
🧮 NEET 2026 Marking Scheme
The NEET 2026 examination will have a total of 180 multiple-choice questions (MCQs), all compulsory. The exam will be scored out of 720 marks. Previously, the question paper was divided into Section A and Section B for each subject. However, in the latest update, Section B has been removed. Now, all 180 questions will come from Section A, consisting of 45 questions per subject.
The marking scheme for NEET 2026 is as follows:
- ✅ +4 marks for each correct answer
- ❌ -1 mark for each incorrect answer
Candidates must be cautious during the exam, as once the answers are marked on the NEET OMR sheet, they cannot be changed. Understanding this marking scheme is crucial to avoid negative marking and strategize your preparation effectively.
🔑 Key Takeaways for NEET 2026 Preparation
- Study all chapters thoroughly — no optional questions!
Practice time management for the 3-hour exam duration
Be cautious with answers to avoid negative marking
Familiarize yourself with the latest question pattern changes
NEET Exam Pattern 2026 – Mark Distribution
| Sl. No. | Subject | No. of Questions | Total Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Physics (Section A) | 45 | 180 |
| 2 | Chemistry (Section A) | 45 | 180 |
| 3 | Botany (Section A) | 45 | 180 |
| 4 | Zoology (Section A) | 45 | 180 |
| Total | 180 | 720 | |
LATEST SYLLABUS FOR NEET 2026 BIOLOGY
Class 11 BIOLOGY FOR
🌱 Unit 1 – Diversity of Living Organisms
🧬 What is living?
What is living? ; Biodiversity; Need for classification;; Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature;
🧾 Five kingdom classifications
Five kingdom classifications: salient features and classification of Monera; Protista and Fungi into major groups: Lichensl Viruses and Viroids.
🌿 Classification of Plants
.salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category);
🐾 Classification of Animals
Salient features and classification of animals non chordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples)’
🌸 Unit 2 – Structural Organization in Plants & Animals
🌺 Morphology and Modifications
Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence- cymose and racemose, flower’ fruit and seed 1To be dealt along with the relevant practical of the Practical Syllabus) Family (malvaceae, Cruciferae, leguminoceae, compositae, graminae)’
🐸 Animal Tissues and Frog Anatomy
Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy, and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, and reproductive) of an insect (Frog)’ (Brief account only)
🧫 Unit 3 – Cell Structure and Function
🔬 Cell Basics
cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope’ cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelle structure and function; Endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum’ Golgi bodies’ lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; Cytoskeleton’ cilia flag”lla centrioles (ultrastructure and function); Nucleus-nuclear membrane’ chromatin, nucleolus.
🧪 Biomolecules & Enzymes
chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates. lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes-types, properties’ enzyme action’ classification and nomenclature of enzymes
🔁 Cell Cycle & Division
B Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and their significance
🌿 Unit 4 – Plant Physiology
☀️ Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition; Site of photosynthesis takes place; pigments involved in Photosynthesis (Elementary-.idea); Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non-cyclic and photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration c3 and c4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis.
💨 Respiration
Respiration: Exchange gases; cellular respiration-glycolysis. fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations- Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient.
🌱 Growth & Development
Plant growth and development: Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, differentiation, and redifferentiation; Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell; Growth regulators auxin, gibberellin, cy. cytokinin, ethylene, ABA;
🧍♂️ Unit 5 – Human Physiology
🌬️ Breathing and Respiration
Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration Respiratory volumes; Disorders related to respiration-Asthm4 Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders.
❤️ Body Fluids and Circulation
‘ Body fluids and circulation: composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; Human circulatory system-structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output. ECG. Double circulation; Regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system-Hypertension, coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.
🧪 Excretory Products and Elimination
Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion- Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory system structure and function; Urine formation, osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin, Atrial Natriuretic Factor’ ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders; Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Diarlsis and artificial kidney.
🦴 Locomotion and Movement
Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement- ciliary, flagellar, muscular; Skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and its functions (To be dealt with in the relevant practical of practical syllabus); Joints; Disorders of muscular and skeletal system-Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout.
🧠 Neural Control and Coordination
Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in human central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and visceral nervous system; Generation and conduction of nerve impulses;
🔄 Chemical Coordination and Regulation
chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system-Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, Thyroid, parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary idea); Role of hormones as messengers and regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (common disorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease).
(lmportant: Diseases and disorders mentioned above to be dealt with in brief.)
Class 12 BIOLOGY for NEET 2026
🌸 Unit 6 – Reproduction
🌼 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies, and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events- Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.
🚻 Human Reproduction
Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation: Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).
🛡️ Reproductive Health
Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control-Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; lnfertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).
🧬 Unit 7 – Genetics & Evolution
🧪 Heredity and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles, and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination-l-n humans’ birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex-linked inheritance-Haemophilia colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Tumer’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.
🧫 Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation- Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing, protein biosynthesis.
🧗 Evolution
Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidence for biological evolution from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular evidence); Darwin, ‘s contribution, modern synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of evolution Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-weinberg’s principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.
🧍♀️ Unit 8 – Biology and Human Welfare
🦠 Health and Disease
Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis. Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm, dengue, chikungunya); Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug, and alcohol abuse. Tobacco abuse
🧪 Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation, and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.
🧬 Unit 9 – Biotechnology and its Applications
🧫 Principles and Process of Biotechnology
Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology).
🧪 Applications of Biotechnology
Application of Biotechnology in Health and Agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gens therapy Cienbtically modified:organisms-Br crops: Transgenic Animals Biosafety issues-Biopirac;r and patents.
🌍 Unit 10 – Ecology and Environment
🐝 Organisms and Environment
organisms and environment. Population intentions-mutualism, competition. predation, parasitism Population attributes-growth. birth rate and death rate, age distribution.
🌳 Ecosystem
Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition: Energy flow: Pyramids of number, biomass. energy
🐾 Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity and its conservation: concept of Biodiversity; patterns of Biodiversity: Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms. extinction; Red Data Book. biosphere reserves, National parks , and sanctuaries, Sacred Groves.
LATEST SYLLABUS FOR NEET 2026 PHYSICS
📘 Class 11 Physics Syllabus for NEET 2026
📏 UNIT 1: Physics And Measurement
Units of measurements. System of Units, SI Units, fundamental and derived units, least count. Significant figures, errors in measurements, and dimensions of physics quantities. Dimensional analysis, and its applications.
🧭 UNIT 2: Kinematics
Frame of reference, motion in a straight line. Position-time graph. Speed and velocity: uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity. Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, position-time graph, relations for uniformly accelerated motion. Scalars and Vectors. Vector addition and subtraction, scalar and vector products. Unit Vector. Resolution of a Vector. Relative Velocity. Motion in a plane, Projectile Motion. Uniform Circular Motion.
⚖️ UNIT 3: Laws Of Motion
Force and inertia, Newton’s First Law of motion. Momentum, Newton’s Second Law of motion, Impulse. Newton’s Third Law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications. Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction. Dynamics of uniform circular motion: centripetal force and its applications: a vehicle on a level circular road, vehicle on a banked road.
🔋 UNIT 4: Work, Energy, and Power
Work done by a constant force and a variable force; kinetic and potential energies. Work-energy theorem, power. Potential energy of a spring, conservation of mechanical energy. Conservative and non-conservative forces; motion in a vertical circle. Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.
🌀 UNIT 5: Rotational Motion
Center of the mass of a two-particle system, Centre of the mass of a rigid body. Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force; torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications. Moment of inertia, radius of gyration, values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, and their applications. Equilibrium of rigid bodies. Rigid body rotation and equations of rotational motion. Comparison of linear and rotational motions.
🌍 UNIT 6: Gravitation
The universal law of gravitation. Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth. Kepler’s law of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity. Motion of a satellite, orbital velocity, time period, and energy of satellite.
💧 UNIT 7: Properties of Solids and Liquids
Elastic behavior, stress-strain relationship, Hooke’s Law. Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal’s law and its applications. Effect of gravity on fluid pressure. Viscosity. Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, critical velocity. Bernoulli’s principle and its applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure across a curved surface, application of surface tension – drops, bubbles, and capillary rise. Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; specific heat capacity, calorimetry; change of state, latent heat. Heat transfer – conduction, convection, and radiation.
🔥 UNIT 8: Thermodynamics
Thermal equilibrium, zeroth law of thermodynamics, concept of temperature. Heat, work, and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics, isothermal and adiabatic processes. Second law of thermodynamics: reversible and irreversible processes.
💨 UNIT 9: Kinetic Theory of Gases
Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas. Kinetic theory of gases – assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic interpretation of temperature: RMS speed of gas molecules. Degrees of freedom. Law of equipartition of energy and applications to specific heat capacities of gases. Mean free path. Avogadro’s number.
🎵 UNIT 10: Oscillation and Waves
Oscillations and periodic motion – time period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring – restoring force and force constant. Energy in S.H.M. – kinetic and potential energies. Simple pendulum – derivation of expression for its time period. Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of traveling wave. Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves. Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics. Beats.
📗 Class 12 Physics Syllabus for NEET 2026
⚡ UNIT 11: Electrostatics
Electric charges: Conservation of charge. Coulomb’s law forces between two point charges, forces between multiple charges: superposition principle and continuous charge distribution. Electric field: Electric field due to a point charge, Electric field lines. Electric dipole, Electric field due to a dipole. Torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field. Electric flux.
Gauss’s law and its applications to find field due to infinitely long uniformly charged straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell. Electric potential and its calculation for a point charge, electric dipole and system of charges; potential difference, equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges, and of electric dipole in an electrostatic field. Conductors and insulators.
Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitances; combination of capacitors in series and parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates. Energy stored in a capacitor.
🔌 UNIT 12: Current Electricity
Electric current. Drift velocity, mobility, and their relation with electric current. Ohm’s law. Electrical resistance. V-I characteristics of ohmic and non-ohmic conductors. Electrical energy and power. Electrical resistivity and conductivity. Series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance. Internal resistance, potential difference, and emf of a cell; combination of cells in series and parallel. Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications. Wheatstone bridge. Metre Bridge.
🧲 UNIT 13: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Biot-Savart law and its application to the current-carrying circular loop. Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long current carrying straight wire and solenoid. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. The force between two parallel currents carrying conductors; definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a uniform magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer, its sensitivity, and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid. Magnetic field lines; magnetic field due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field. Para-, dia-, and ferromagnetic substances with examples; effect of temperature on magnetic properties.
🔄 UNIT 14: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Electromagnetic induction: Faraday’s law. Induced emf and current: Lenz’s Law. Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents, peak and RMS value of alternating current/voltage: reactance and impedance: LCR series circuits, resonance: power in AC circuits, wattless current. AC generator and transformer.
📡 UNIT 15: Electromagnetic Waves
Displacement current. Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics. Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays). Applications of electromagnetic waves.
🔍 UNIT 16: Optics
Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light at plane and spherical surfaces, thin lens formula, and lens maker formula. Total internal reflection and its applications. Magnification. Power of a lens. Combination of thin lenses in contact. Refraction of light through a prism. Microscope and Astronomical Telescope (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
Wave optics: wavefront and Huygens’ principle. Laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens principle. Interference, Young’s double-slit experiment, and expression for fringe width; coherent sources and sustained interference of light. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum. Polarization, plane-polarized light: Brewster’s law, uses of plane-polarized light and Polaroid.
⚛️ UNIT 17: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect. Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation: particle nature of light. Matter waves – wave nature of particle, de Broglie relation.
🔬 UNIT 18: Atoms and Nuclei
Alpha-particle scattering experiment; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number. Nuclear fission and fusion.
💡 UNIT 19: Electronic Devices
Semiconductors; semiconductor diode: I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias; diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR).
🧪 UNIT 20: Experimental Skills
- Vernier calipers – used to measure internal and external diameter and depth of a vessel.
- Screw gauge – used to determine thickness/diameter of thin sheet/wire.
- Simple pendulum – dissipation of energy by plotting graph between square of amplitude and time.
- Metre Scale – mass of a given object by principle of moments. Young’s modulus of elasticity of the material of a metallic wire.
- Surface tension of water by capillary rise and effect of detergents.
- Coefficient of viscosity of a given viscous liquid by measuring terminal velocity of a given spherical body.
- Speed of sound in air at room temperature using a resonance tube.
- Specific heat capacity of a given (i) solid and (ii) liquid by method of mixtures.
- Resistivity of material of a given wire using a metre bridge.
- Resistance of a given wire using Ohm’s law.
- Resistance and figure of merit of a galvanometer by half deflection method.
- Focal length of convex mirror, concave mirror, and convex lens using parallax method.
- Plot of angle of deviation vs angle of incidence for a triangular prism.
- Refractive index of a glass slab using a traveling microscope.
- Characteristic curves of a p-n junction diode in forward and reverse bias.
- Characteristic curves of a Zener diode and finding reverse breakdown voltage.
- Identification of diode, LED, resistor, capacitor from a mixed collection.
LATEST SYLLABUS FOR NEET 2026 CHEMISTRY
📘 Class 11 & 12 Chemistry Syllabus for NEET 2026
⚛️ UNIT 1: Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
Matter and its nature, Dalton’s atomic theory, laws of chemical combination, concept of elements, atoms, and molecules, atomic and molecular masses, mole concept and molar mass, percentage composition, empirical and molecular formulae, chemical reactions, stoichiometry.
🧪 UNIT 2: Structure of Atom
Discovery of electron, proton, and neutron, atomic number, isotopes and isobars, Thompson’s model and its limitations, Rutherford’s model and its limitations, Bohr’s model and its limitations, concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de Broglie’s relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the concept of orbitals, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals – Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund’s rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half-filled and filled orbitals.
🔬 UNIT 3: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Significance of classification, development of the periodic table, modern periodic law and the present form of the periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements – atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valence.
🔗 UNIT 4: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis structure, the polar character of covalent bond, the covalent character of ionic bond, valence bond theory, resonance, the geometry of covalent molecules, VSEPR theory, the concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only), hydrogen bond.
💨 UNIT 5: States of Matter: Gases and Liquids
Three states of matter, intermolecular interactions, types of bonding, melting and boiling points, role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule, Boyle’s law, Charle’s law, Gay Lussac’s law, Avogadro’s law, ideal behavior, empirical derivation of gas equation, Avogadro number, ideal gas equation, kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea), deviation from ideal behavior, liquefaction of gases, critical temperature, Liquid State – Vapour pressure, viscosity, and surface tension (qualitative idea only, no mathematical derivations).
🔥 UNIT 6: Thermodynamics
Concepts of system, types of systems, surroundings, work, heat, energy, extensive and intensive properties, state functions, the first law of thermodynamics – internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of ΔU and ΔH, Hess’s law of constant heat summation, enthalpy of bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution, and dilution, the introduction of entropy as a state function, the second law of thermodynamics, Gibbs energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, criteria for equilibrium, the third law of thermodynamics – a brief introduction.
⚖️ UNIT 7: Equilibrium
Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of mass action, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium – Le Chatelier’s principle, ionic equilibrium – ionization of acids and bases, strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of polybasic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), buffer solutions, Henderson equation, solubility product, common ion effect (with illustrative examples).
🔄 UNIT 8: Redox Reactions
Concept of oxidation and reduction, redox reactions, oxidation number, balancing redox reactions in terms of loss and gain of electron and change in oxidation numbers, applications of redox reactions.
🧩 UNIT 9: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties (Inorganic Chemistry)
Modern periodic law and the current form of the periodic table; s, p, d, and f-block elements; periodic trends in properties such as atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states, and chemical reactivity.
🔬 UNIT 10: P-Block Elements
General Introduction; electronic configuration; general trends in physical and chemical properties; unique behavior of the first element of each group; Group 13 to Group 18 elements.
🔋 UNIT 11: d- and f-Block Elements
General introduction, electronic configurations, occurrence, and characteristics of transition elements; general trends in properties such as physical properties, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, atomic radii, color, catalytic behavior, magnetic properties, complex formation; preparation, properties, and uses of compounds like K₂Cr₂O₇ and KMnO₄; lanthanoids and actinoids, including electronic configurations, oxidation states, and lanthanoid contraction.
🔗 UNIT 12: Coordination Compounds
Introduction to coordination compounds; Werner’s theory; ligands, coordination number, denticity, chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds; isomerism; bonding: valence bond approach and basic ideas of crystal field theory; color and magnetic properties; importance of coordination compounds in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals, and in biological systems.
🧫 UNIT 13: Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds
Purification methods (crystallization, sublimation, chromatography, distillation, differential extraction); qualitative and quantitative analysis including detection of elements (N, S, P, halogens) and calculations of empirical and molecular formulas.
🧬 UNIT 14: Some Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry
Tetra-valency of carbon, hybridization, classification based on functional groups, isomerism, nomenclature, types of organic reactions (substitution, addition, elimination, rearrangement), electronic effects (inductive, electromeric, resonance, hyperconjugation).
🛢️ UNIT 15: Hydrocarbons
Classification and isomerism; alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes – structure, properties, and reactions; aromatic hydrocarbons – structure, aromaticity, electrophilic substitution reactions.
🧪 UNIT 16: Organic Compounds Containing Halogens
Preparation, properties, and reactions of haloalkanes and haloarenes; environmental effects of compounds like chloroform and DDT.
🧴 UNIT 17: Organic Compounds Containing Oxygen
Properties and reactions of alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids; important organic reactions such as nucleophilic addition and condensation.
🧪 UNIT 18: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
Amines and diazonium salts – preparation, properties, reactions, and uses; importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
🍃 UNIT 19: Biomolecules
Classification and functions of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, nucleic acids; structure and function of biomolecules in biological processes.
⚗️ UNIT 20: Principles Related to Practical Chemistry
Detection of elements and functional groups in organic compounds; principles involved in the preparation of specific inorganic and organic compounds; qualitative and quantitative analysis including titrimetric and gravimetric analysis.